The part of the solar collector that absorbs the solar radiation.
Alternating current, the type of power that is supplied by utilities and used in most home appliances.
A group of solar panels connected together to increase power output.
The angle between the north direction and the perpendicular projection of the sun down onto the horizon.
A type of solar cell created by depositing silicon material on a substrate. Known for being more flexible than crystalline silicon.
A generator that converts mechanical energy to alternating current.
The temperature of the surrounding air.
The reduction in cost of power from the grid due to power generated by solar panels over a year.
The angle at which sunlight strikes the surface of the solar panel.
The positive pole or electrode of an electrochemical cell.
A coating applied to solar panels to reduce reflection and increase light absorption.
The setup and orientation of a group of solar panels.
A container on a solar panel array that houses circuitry, including diodes and cables, to combine outputs from multiple panels.
A safety device used to shut down the AC power from solar panels.
A financial instrument whose value is backed by an asset, such as solar leases or power purchase agreements.
A measure of the amount of time a power plant is available to produce power compared to the total time it could be operational.
The modification of the angle at which a solar panel array is installed relative to the azimuth to maximize solar exposure.
A cooling system powered by a heat source such as solar thermal energy instead of by mechanical work.
The maximum current an electrical device can interrupt without failure.
Permission granted by a power utility that a solar power system is compliant with standards and can be connected to the grid.
The components of a solar system other than the solar panels, including wiring, switches, a mounting system, and the inverter.
The minimum level of demand on an electrical supply system over 24 hours.
A group of batteries connected together to store energy for a solar power system.
Solar panels designed to capture sunlight from both sides, increasing overall efficiency.
Organic materials used as fuel to produce energy, often considered in renewable energy contexts.
The procedure to recover from a total or partial shutdown of the transmission system which requires the plant to be started without external power.
An electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit.
A unit of heat used to measure the energy produced by a heating or cooling system, including solar thermal systems.
Photovoltaic materials that are integrated into the building materials, such as the roof or the façade, serving as both the outer layer and generating electricity.
A conductive bar, usually made of copper or aluminum, used to collect and distribute electricity within a switchboard, distribution board, substation, or other electrical apparatus.
A diode used in solar panels to ensure that if one or more cells are shaded or damaged, the rest of the array still functions efficiently.
A generator that provides power during a utility outage, often used in tandem with solar power systems for reliability.
A meter that can measure the flow of electricity in two directions, essential for systems with solar panels to monitor energy produced and consumed.
Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other biological means, used for environmentally friendly materials in solar panel manufacturing.
The process of creating electrical connections between various metal parts to ensure electrical continuity and safety.
An element used in the manufacturing of semiconductor components, including those in solar cells.
Land previously used for industrial purposes or certain commercial uses, which may be contaminated but has potential for redevelopment, such as solar farms.
An area designated to separate different uses of land or to protect the perimeter of a site, often used around solar farms to minimize impact on surrounding areas.
Large-scale generation of electricity, typically at power stations, including solar parks.
A process by which components of a solar panel are stressed under high heat to simulate aging and test durability.
The ratio of the actual output of a solar power plant over a period to its potential output if it had operated at full capacity continuously.
A device that regulates the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries, preventing overcharging and overdischarging.
A safety device that automatically stops the flow of electricity in an electric circuit as a safety measure.
A type of solar thermal system where a heat-transfer fluid is circulated in a loop that is externally contained and not exposed to atmospheric pressure.
A device used in solar power systems to combine the output of multiple strings of photovoltaic cells into a single output.
A solar power plant whose electricity is shared by more than one household, typically available for homes that cannot host a solar system directly.
A technology which uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area to generate electricity.
A material that conducts electricity with minimal resistance, used extensively in the wiring of solar panels.
The ratio of the power output of a solar device to the sunlight energy input, expressed as a percentage.
A type of silicon used in the bulk of photovoltaic solar panels because of its effective light absorption and conversion efficiency.
The flow of electrical charge carriers, such as electrons, typically measured in amperes.
The voltage level at which a charge controller will disconnect the load from the battery to prevent overdischarging.
In battery technology, a cycle refers to one complete discharge and recharge cycle.
The percentage of solar energy converted into electrical energy by a solar cell under standard testing conditions.
A professional who has received certification to install solar systems, ensuring compliance with industry standards.
A measure used to estimate air conditioning energy requirements, calculated as the number of degrees a day's average temperature is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
The total amount of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, that are emitted into the atmosphere as a result of a particular human activity or from a product lifecycle.
In solar photovoltaic systems, a condition where the inverter limits the output power to prevent its operation beyond its rated capacity.
A component of a solar thermal system that absorbs solar radiation and converts it into heat energy, typically used for heating water.
A type of utility owned by the members it serves, which may provide rebates or incentives for solar energy adoption.
Direct current, the type of power generated by solar panels before being converted to alternating current (AC) by an inverter.
The decrease in solar panel output over time due to wear and environmental factors.
A fee on an electric bill for commercial customers based on the peak demand of electricity in kilowatts (kW).
A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only, used in solar panels to prevent backflow of current.
The production of electricity from many small energy sources close to the point of use, such as rooftop solar panels.
The period during which a solar power system is not operational due to maintenance or faults.
A mounting system for solar panels that follows the sun both vertically and horizontally to maximize energy capture.
Methods used to minimize dust accumulation on solar panels, which can reduce their efficiency.
The ratio of operating time to the total time of a cycle in a periodic operation of a device.
The reduction in the concentration of a substance in solution or in a mixture.
Solar radiation received from the sun after its direct rays have been scattered by the atmosphere.
A switch used to isolate solar panels or other electrical devices from the electrical grid or other equipment.
The performance of a solar power system following changes or fluctuations in input or environmental conditions.
A device used in solar installations to maximize the power output of each solar panel individually.
A pair of equal and oppositely charged or magnetized poles separated by a distance.
The angle of inclination from the vertical of a solar panel, which affects its ability to capture solar energy.
A solar water heating system where the heat-transfer fluid drains from the collector into a reservoir when the pump is off to prevent overheating and freezing.
A method of braking in which energy is extracted from the parts in motion and is dissipated.
The electricity market where transactions are completed one day before the actual delivery day.
An adjustment in power usage by end-users from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or to incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high wholesale market prices or when grid reliability is jeopardized.
The ratio of useful power output to the total power input, used to evaluate the performance of a solar panel.
The interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers.
A substance containing free ions that make the substance electrically conductive, used in batteries.
Radiation consisting of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving together through space, including sunlight.
The effectiveness of a material's surface in emitting energy as thermal radiation.
A thorough assessment of a home or business's energy use and the potential for energy savings, often a first step in making solar upgrades.
The condition of generating enough of one's own energy from renewable sources to no longer rely significantly on external sources.
The time required for a solar panel to generate the amount of energy equal to the energy used to produce it.
The capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time, often using batteries or other forms of storage in solar systems.
A controlled overcharge applied to a battery to balance the cells and avoid stratification and sulfation.
One of the two times each year when the sun crosses the celestial equator, making day and night of equal length, significant for solar panel alignment.
Electricity that is generated by a solar system and exceeds the onsite demand, which can be sold back to the grid.
A tank used in solar thermal systems to accommodate the expansion of the heat transfer fluid as it heats up.
A rate paid to solar producers for electricity that they export to the grid, typically above the retail rate of electricity.
A transformer located outside of the main solar array area that steps up or steps down voltage for transmission or distribution.
An assessment aimed at understanding the environmental impacts associated with a solar project before its implementation.
The amount of time a solar panel is exposed to effective sunlight, impacting energy production.
A measure of how efficiently a cooling system operates at a specific outdoor temperature, important for solar-powered systems.
A generation of electricity within the distribution network rather than by central power plants, typical of solar installations.
A safety system designed to quickly shut down a solar power system in the event of an emergency to protect both the system and the grid.
A policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies by offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, typically based on the cost of generation of each technology.
A type of solar panel installation where panels are mounted at a fixed angle and orientation, not adjusting to the sun’s position.
Solar power systems designed to float on bodies of water, typically reservoirs or lakes.
A method of installing solar panels directly on top of a roof or surface, parallel to the surface.
The adjustment of power output from power generating equipment to help maintain the grid’s frequency within the desired range.
The replacement of fossil fuel-based power with renewable energy sources like solar, reducing carbon emissions.
The space occupied by a solar panel system on a roof, ground, or other surface area.
The process of securing solar panels or rotating them away from wind to protect against high winds or storm conditions.
Raw material required for a process, in the context of bioenergy it refers to the organic materials used to produce biomass energy.
A solar panel technology or company that leads in the development of new solar technologies or market strategies.
The ability of a solar system to continue operating properly in the event of a failure of some of its components.
The permanent software programmed into the memory of solar inverters and controllers, crucial for system operation.
A measure of a solar cell's efficiency, indicating what percentage of the area is actually producing electrical current.
Electricity that is guaranteed to be available by the utility at all times under a contractual agreement.
The burning of excess gases associated with the extraction of fossil fuels; in solar applications, refers to waste management processes.
A type of solar thermal collector that consists of an insulated, weatherproofed box containing a dark absorber plate under one or more transparent or translucent covers.
Solar panels made with thin film cells that are lightweight and adaptable to various surfaces, suitable for curved or irregular roof surfaces.
Fluctuations in voltage that occur intermittently, sometimes noticeable in lighting when large appliances are used or when inconsistencies in grid voltage occur.
The period during which funds are available for new projects, as defined by grants or subsidy programs for renewable energy.
A measurement that represents the intensity of sunlight exposure, with one full sun indicating no cloud interference and optimal sunlight conditions.
The network of power lines and equipment used to deliver electricity from suppliers to consumers.
A solar power system that is connected to the electrical grid, allowing excess power to be fed back to the grid.
A type of solar panel installation where panels are mounted on the ground rather than on a roof.
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Solar power helps reduce these emissions.
A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, used as backup in solar systems during low sunlight.
A unit of power equal to one billion watts, used to measure the capacity of large power plants or the power consumption of large cities.
The ability of a solar system to operate without being connected to the utility grid.
A safety feature that immediately shuts down a solar system if a ground fault is detected.
The point at which the cost of solar-generated electricity is equal to or cheaper than grid power.
Corrosion that occurs when two different metals are in electrical contact in a corrosive environment, relevant in solar installations.
A unit of energy representing one gigawatt of power expended for one hour of time.
A measure of the total amount of shortwave radiation received from above by a surface horizontal to the ground.
A system that uses the stable underground temperature to heat and cool buildings, complementing solar solutions.
Services that enhance the reliability, flexibility, and stability of the electrical grid, such as load balancing and frequency regulation.
Technologies or methodologies applied to solar systems to support grid operation and stability.
Energy produced through environmentally friendly and renewable sources, such as solar and wind.
A certification awarded to buildings and products that meet certain environmental sustainability criteria.
Technology that is considered environmentally friendly based on its production process or supply chain.
A type of bond specifically earmarked to be used for climate and environmental projects, such as funding solar farms.
The process of linking a solar power system to the larger utility grid.
A device that includes a mirror, usually motorized, which turns to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target.
A solar power system that is integrated with another form of energy generation, such as wind or diesel generators.
A device used to transfer heat from one fluid to another without mixing them. Commonly used in solar thermal systems.
Nonlinear distortion in electrical circuits caused by the presence of harmonics in the current or voltage.
An area where explosive or flammable gases, vapors, or dusts are likely to occur in quantities sufficient to require special precautions for electrical installations.
A safety device used to isolate high-voltage components in a solar energy system for maintenance or emergency purposes.
An instrument used to measure the specific gravity (relative density) of liquids; for example, the electrolyte density in a battery.
The angular displacement of the sun east or west of the local meridian due to rotation of the earth on its axis at 15 degrees per hour.
A component that absorbs and dissipates heat from hot objects, commonly used in the thermal management of solar inverters and other electronic components.
A group of man-made compounds used primarily for refrigeration and air conditioning that are potent greenhouse gases.
An inverter designed to work with both a solar array and batteries, capable of managing power from different sources and supplying it to the grid or a local network.
The unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one cycle per second.
A solar panel that generates both electricity and thermal heat from the same device, increasing overall energy output and efficiency.
Solar irradiance received per unit area by a surface horizontal to the ground.
The ability of solar panels to withstand impact from hail, typically tested through impact resistance standards and ratings.
An area on a solar panel that, due to shading or a malfunction, becomes significantly hotter than the surrounding area, potentially damaging the panel.
A system that monitors and controls the energy consumption of a home, optimizing the use of solar power and other energy sources.
A fluid that is used in a system to transfer heat from one component or place to another, commonly used in solar thermal systems.
The process of managing the moisture content in the air within a specific environment, crucial for maintaining the efficiency of solar panels and associated equipment.
A technique used to reduce vibration by converting kinetic energy into heat, typically through the use of hydraulic fluids.
A device that converts direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) usable by home appliances and the grid.
The measure of solar power per unit area received from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
The amount of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area during a given time.
The process of connecting a solar power system to the electric grid.
A measure of the total opposition to current flow in an alternating current (AC) circuit, including both resistance and reactance.
A ratio that measures the percentage of power that is converted from DC to AC without loss by the inverter.
An electric meter that records data on the energy used in time intervals, useful for monitoring energy usage patterns.
A federal tax credit available for solar photovoltaic systems on residential and commercial properties in the U.S., reducing the tax liability of residential and commercial investors.
A condition where a distributed generator continues to power a location even though electrical grid power from the utility is no longer present.
Certification based on standards set by the International Organization for Standardization, often pursued by companies involved in solar manufacturing or installation to ensure quality management systems.
A graph that shows the current (I) versus voltage (V) characteristics of a photovoltaic cell, module, or array.
Light that falls onto a surface, in the context of solar energy, referring to sunlight that strikes the solar panels.
An estimation of the expected solar irradiance based on geographic location and time of year, used to predict solar power generation.
A solar thermal collector system that combines a solar thermal collector and storage tank into a single unit.
A hypothetical concept of an electricity grid that can accept infinite power inputs without any impact on voltage or frequency.
The ability of solar panels to withstand impacts from environmental factors such as hail or debris.
A semiconductor device used in inverters to switch electric power in modern appliances, including solar inverters.
A warranty covering the labor and quality of work performed during the installation of solar systems.
The ability of a power system to respond to changes in load without external control, important in systems with high levels of renewable energy sources like solar.
A company that generates power that is sold to a utility and delivered to the grid, possibly including solar power producers.
A unit of energy in the International System of Units. It is the amount of energy transferred when one watt of power is applied for one second.
An enclosure on a solar panel where electrical connections are made and can be safely housed.
In photovoltaics, a region within a solar cell where an electric field assists the movement of electrons from the p-type layer to the n-type layer.
A graph plotting the output current (I) versus the voltage (V) of a solar cell under different levels of sunlight and temperature conditions.
The process by which the resistance of a conductor converts electric current into heat, important in electrical safety and efficiency calculations.
A semiconductor device that allows current to move through it in one direction. It is used in circuits for solar cells.
A business arrangement where two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of accomplishing a specific task, such as a large-scale solar installation.
A strategy to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only as they are needed in the production process, commonly used in solar panel manufacturing.
The outer covering of a cable or wire that provides insulation and protection, essential in the wiring of solar panel systems.
A conductor wire that establishes an electrical connection between two points in a solar panel or in the electrical installation.
The resistance of the electrical contacts in a solar cell, which can affect the overall efficiency of the solar panel.
A procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation, crucial in solar installations.
A custom-made tool used to control the location and/or motion of parts or other tools, used in the assembly of solar panel arrays.
A component of the mounting system for solar panels, particularly those installed on rooftops, providing structural support.
A method of cleaning solar panels that uses jets of water or air, often used in large solar farms to maintain efficiency.
A physical law stating that the power of heating generated by an electrical conductor is proportional to the product of its resistance and the square of the current.
A digital image compression standard and coding system that might be used in the digital management of solar panel installation projects for documenting site conditions.
A term used in data communications that can refer to the variability in signal or pulse timings, important in the monitoring systems of solar power installations.
Young, newly formed silicon used in the manufacture of photovoltaic solar cells, known for its high efficiency.
A type of field-effect transistor that can be used as an electronically-controlled switch, applicable in solar power system controls.
A unit of power equal to one thousand watts, commonly used to measure the output of solar panels.
A unit of energy equal to the power consumption of one kilowatt over one hour, used as a billing unit by energy suppliers.
A unit of electrical voltage equal to one thousand volts, often used in discussions of grid voltage levels for larger solar installations.
A unit of apparent power in an electrical circuit, equivalent to one thousand volt-amperes.
A coefficient that measures how the harmonic content of a load current affects the distribution system's ability to deliver voltage.
A metal or plastic clip used to secure solar panels to the mounting structure.
A short wall supporting rafters and used in attic spaces, relevant in installations where solar systems integrate with building architecture.
An area in an electrical box or panel that can be removed to allow cable entry.
A stand-alone booth often equipped with solar panels to provide information or services in remote locations.
Energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion, relevant to understanding different forms of renewable energy.
Solar power systems sold in kit form, often used for DIY installations at homes or small businesses.
A phenomenon in semiconductor devices where the current suddenly increases under high electric field strengths.
A brace or block that helps support a panel or frame, commonly used in mounting systems for solar panels.
A furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, often used for making bricks or pottery, but can be adapted to use solar thermal energy.
A term used in building and construction to denote the thermal conductivity of a material, important for understanding energy efficiency in buildings with solar installations.
A type of solar concentrator that uses mirrors to focus light onto a photovoltaic or thermal collector.
The use of remote monitoring systems housed in kiosks to track the performance of distributed solar installations.
A gas used in the spaces between panes of glass in high-efficiency windows, which can enhance the thermal performance of buildings equipped with solar energy systems.
Metrics used to evaluate factors that are crucial to the success of an organization, such as a solar energy firm.
A method to quickly start a solar generator or system, ensuring rapid attainment of operational status.
Glass used in solar panels that is layered with other materials for increased durability and protection.
The geographical measurement used to determine the optimal angle of installation for solar panels.
A type of rechargeable battery commonly used in solar energy systems for energy storage.
A contract in which a property owner allows a solar company to install solar panels on their property in exchange for a regular payment over a set period.
Energy-efficient lighting that can be powered by solar systems to reduce overall energy consumption.
A measure of the average total cost to build and operate a power-generating asset over its lifespan, divided by the total energy output.
Insurance that provides protection from claims arising from injuries or damages to other people or property.
An analysis used to assess the environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product’s life from-cradle-to-grave.
The process by which solar cells absorb light to convert it into electricity.
A study conducted to understand the energy consumption characteristics of a building to optimize solar panel system design.
A device that helps manage the energy distribution in a solar system to prevent overcharging and excessive discharge of batteries.
The ratio of the average load on a power station to the peak load during a specific period.
The distribution network of electrical grids in a specific area that can be fed by locally generated solar power.
A protective feature in solar energy systems that prevents batteries from being overly discharged.
A measure of the total quantity of visible light emitted by a source, used to evaluate the efficiency of lighting fixtures in solar setups.
Devices that concentrate sunlight or other sources of light with luminescence to increase the power output of solar panels.
A unit of illumination that describes the intensity of light hitting a surface, useful in designing solar lighting systems.
An electrical current that leaks from a circuit, which can be a safety hazard or reduce the efficiency of solar systems.
A type of solar thermal energy collector that uses mirrors to focus sunlight onto a receiver to generate heat.
The coordination and management of supply chain operations required to distribute solar panels and related equipment effectively.
A unit of power equal to one million watts, commonly used to measure the capacity of large power plants or grids.
A single solar panel, which includes multiple solar cells combined to produce electricity.
A type of solar cell made from a single crystal of silicon known for high efficiency and long lifespan.
A small inverter situated under each solar panel that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
The framework that holds the solar panels in place on roofs or on the ground.
A device that measures the amount of electricity that passes through it, typically used to track energy generation and usage.
A unit of energy representing one megawatt of power sustained over one hour.
The routine upkeep required to ensure solar systems operate efficiently, including cleaning and technical checks.
Energy loss due to variations in performance or conditions between similar components in a solar array.
A technology used in inverters to optimize the power output of a PV system.
A solar cell with multiple p-n junctions made of different semiconductor materials, each capturing a different wavelength of light.
The process of varying a signal's strength, such as the output frequency of an inverter.
The ability of solar panels and other components to resist damage from moisture and humidity.
A type of solar mounting system that uses a single, sturdy pole to support multiple panels, often adjustable for angle.
A utility owned and operated by a municipality, often involved in regulations for local solar installations.
A small network of electricity users with a local source of supply that is usually connected to a centralized national grid but can function independently.
The current price at which solar systems can be bought or sold in the market.
The ratio of energy output from a solar module compared to the energy input from sunlight, expressed as a percentage.
The stress placed on solar panels from wind, snow, or other physical forces.
The passage of the sun at its highest point in the sky, which is an important factor in solar panel alignment.
A billing mechanism that credits solar energy system owners for the electricity they add to the grid.
A type of semiconductor in which the charge carriers are predominantly electrons.
The rated capacity of a solar panel under standard test conditions.
A type of material used in some solar cells that consists of small crystalline particles.
The conductor within an electrical system that carries current back to the source under normal load conditions.
A point in an electrical circuit where two or more components are connected.
Glass used in solar panels that reduces light reflection and improves light absorption.
The expected temperature of a photovoltaic cell while operating under predefined conditions.
A process used during the manufacture of solar modules to improve their longevity and performance.
A building or system that produces as much energy as it consumes, primarily through renewable energy sources.
The housing on top of a solar tower that contains key components like gears and generators.
A very small inverter used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar panel to alternating current (AC).
A set of guidelines for safe electrical design, installation, and inspection to protect people and property from electrical hazards.
A backup system that uses natural gas generators to provide power during periods when solar energy is insufficient.
A unit of power representing energy saved by increasing efficiency or reducing consumption.
U.S. legislation requiring federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions prior to making decisions.
The interconnected system of power lines and associated equipment used to transmit electricity from power plants to consumers.
Material that does not allow the flow of electric current.
The voltage at which a system is designed to operate optimally.
A load that distorts the current waveform relative to the voltage waveform.
A system and lifestyle designed to help people function without the support of remote infrastructure, such as an electrical grid.
A unit of electrical resistance between two points of a conductor when a constant potential difference of one volt, applied to these points, produces in the conductor a current of one ampere.
The principle that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, introduced by the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm.
A solar system that is connected to the electrical utility grid, allowing power to be fed back into the grid when it is not being consumed by the owner.
The maximum voltage available from a solar cell or battery, measured in a circuit that has no load.
The percentage of total company revenues that are turned into operating income, a key measure of a company's efficiency.
The placement of solar panels in relation to the cardinal directions, N, S, E, W; important for maximizing solar efficiency.
An interruption in electrical power supply.
The amount of power that a solar panel system produces, usually measured in watts or kilowatts.
Weather conditions when the sky is covered with clouds, which can affect the output of solar panels.
A reduction in solar panel performance caused by shadows from nearby objects such as trees or buildings.
An occurrence when the voltage in a circuit exceeds the design voltage, typically due to spikes in the supply voltage.
A professional service that represents the owner's interests during project development and construction, ensuring technical specifications and quality are maintained.
A chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons or the increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.
A layer in the Earth's stratosphere at an altitude of about 10 km containing a high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from the sun.
The angle at which a solar panel should be set to absorb the maximum amount of solar radiation throughout the year.
A state in which a solar power system is functioning at its highest possible efficiency due to proper installation and maintenance.
Solar cells made from organic materials that promise cheaper fabrication and innovative applications like transparent cells for windows.
A safety mechanism in electrical circuits to prevent excessive current, which can cause overheating and fires.
A legal entity that purchases or "takes off" the power produced by a solar power project, usually under a power purchase agreement.
Technology that converts light directly into electricity using semiconducting materials.
A measure of how effectively incoming power is used in an electrical system and is a factor in assessing overall system efficiency.
A complete power-generating unit, consisting of multiple solar panels combined to produce electricity.
Use of the building structure itself, without mechanical aid, to collect, store, and distribute solar energy to heat and cool the interior.
The maximum electrical demand within a specific period, important for sizing solar systems to match consumption needs.
The basic device of a photovoltaic system that converts solar energy directly into electrical energy.
The angle at which a solar panel is set to optimize the capture of solar radiation.
A financial agreement where a developer arranges for the design, permitting, financing, and installation of a solar energy system on a customer’s property at little to no cost.
The phenomenon that occurs when photons, the particles in sunlight, strike a photovoltaic cell causing the generation of electricity.
Type of solar photovoltaic panel material known for its bluish hue and speckled look, made from melting multiple silicon crystals together.
Device that converts direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) that can be used by home appliances and the grid.
A type of solar thermal collector that uses parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto a receiver tube running along the focal point, commonly used in solar power plants.
The equivalent number of hours when solar irradiance averages 1000 watts per square meter, used to calculate solar energy production.
A single physical unit of multiple connected solar cells that are encapsulated and framed, commonly referred to as a solar panel.
Techniques or devices that enhance the efficiency of the solar power system, often by maximizing the conversion of solar radiation to electricity.
A complete set of components for converting sunlight into electricity, including solar panels, a power inverter, and sometimes a battery and/or solar tracker.
The necessary steps required to obtain permission from local government and utilities to install a solar energy system.
Tracking the output and efficiency of a solar power system to ensure optimal operation and maintenance.
The ratio of the electrical energy output of a solar panel compared to the solar energy input, expressed as a percentage.
Electrical wiring specially designed to withstand the environmental conditions of outdoor solar installations.
The ratio of the number of charge carriers collected by a solar cell to the number of photons of a given energy that shine on the solar cell from the sun.
A measure of the efficiency and performance of a solar panel system, often used in testing to ensure panels meet certain standards.
Relating to or involving the second and no higher power of an unknown quantity or variable.
Pertaining to the fourth degree, as in mathematical expressions or equations that describe certain characteristics of solar panel efficiency.
The examination of measurable and verifiable data such as generation capacity, solar irradiance levels, and financial performance metrics of a solar power system.
A mineral used in the manufacturing process of photovoltaic cells where it serves as a source of silicon.
The current consumed by an electronic device when it is in a no-load, non-operating state yet connected to a power source.
A type of electrical connector used in solar installations that allows for easy and secure connections between components without the need for tools.
A statistical value of a data set that represents the division of data into five equal parts; in the context of solar energy, it may refer to energy consumption or production levels.
A condition of operation in which the system's dynamic variables change very slowly over time, often applicable to solar thermal systems.
A component used in photonic devices to alter the phase of light waves passing through it, which can be used to optimize the light absorption in photovoltaic cells.
Refers to the capability of power converters in solar systems to operate in all four quadrants of the current and voltage plane, crucial for advanced grid support and stability.
Standard tests performed on solar panels to ensure they meet the specified requirements for safety, durability, and performance.
Nanocrystals used in certain types of solar cells that can absorb a wide spectrum of sunlight, leading to higher efficiency rates.
A type of solar cell that has four p-n junctions, each optimized to capture a different segment of the solar spectrum, thereby increasing overall efficiency.
A solar installer who has received certification and training to install solar systems according to industry standards and local regulations.
Processes and policies in place to ensure that solar installations and equipment meet predefined quality standards and are installed correctly.
In the context of utility-scale solar, the process of managing the queue of projects waiting for approval to connect to the grid, ensuring orderly and efficient processing.
Losses in a system that increase as the square of the current, such as those found in inverters and transformers in a solar power system.
A measure of resistance that affects the current flow in quantum dot solar cells, impacting their efficiency and performance.
Energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat.
The maximum power output a solar panel can produce under standard test conditions.
The framework that holds solar panels in place on roofs or the ground.
Solar energy systems designed for installation on residential properties to offset homeowners' energy needs.
A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency or profitability of an investment.
A partial refund to someone who has paid too much money for tax, rent, or a utility. Often used in solar programs to incentivize solar adoption.
A device that controls the amount of charge flowing into and out of batteries in a solar power system.
Power that flows back and forth between the reactive components of an electric circuit and the source, necessary for the functioning of the equipment but does not perform any work.
Energy that is emitted in the form of rays or waves. Solar radiation is the primary energy source for solar panels.
The addition of new technology or features to older systems, commonly used in reference to installing solar panels on existing buildings.
The ability of a solar system to withstand or quickly recover from difficult conditions such as weather events or power outages.
A regulation that requires the increased production of energy from renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal.
A type of photovoltaic silicon cell made by drawing flat thin films from molten silicon and used in the manufacturing of solar panels.
Solar installations designed to provide power to remote or rural areas, often off-grid, enhancing access to electricity where it is otherwise unreliable or unavailable.
The ability of a power plant to increase or decrease its output at a given rate, an important consideration for integrating solar power with other energy sources.
The process of disassembling solar panels and recovering valuable materials for reuse, reducing environmental impact.
A rate plan in which electricity prices may vary based on market conditions and are provided on a day-ahead or hour-ahead basis.
The process of reevaluating and optimizing the performance of a solar power system that has been in operation to ensure it is operating effectively.
The amount of solar energy that is reflected off the surface of a solar panel, which can affect its efficiency.
The degree to which a material opposes the flow of electric current, a key factor in the performance of semiconductor materials used in photovoltaic cells.
A device that converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells.
An inverter that connects to a series of solar panels, converting DC electricity from the panels into AC electricity.
A large-scale photovoltaic system designed for the supply of merchant power into the electricity grid.
An assessment to determine the impact of nearby obstructions on the solar irradiance available to a photovoltaic system.
An agreement where a homeowner leases their roof for solar panels, usually with no upfront costs and fixed monthly payments.
A device that shields electronic equipment from electrical surges, especially important for protecting inverters in solar PV systems.
The right of one property to continue receiving sunlight across another property, often protected by law.
A fee charged by utilities to solar system owners for the privilege of having backup grid power readily available.
A credit issued for the generation of solar power, often used in net metering billing mechanisms.
A tradable certificate that represents all the clean energy benefits of electricity generated from a solar electric system.
The primary element used in most photovoltaic cells, effective for converting sunlight into electricity.
A governmental incentive used to promote solar energy generation through financial support or tax benefits.
A company that specializes in bringing together various subsystems into a whole and ensuring those subsystems function together.
Non-hardware costs related to solar systems, such as permitting fees, financing, and customer acquisition.
A device that tilts a solar panel throughout the day to follow the path of the sun and maximize energy capture.
A low-resistance connection between two points in an electric circuit that forms an alternative path for a portion of the current.
The annual energy production from a photovoltaic system per unit of peak power capacity.
The fraction of solar radiation admitted through a window or skylight, both directly transmitted and absorbed and subsequently released inward.
A device used in radiometry to prevent direct beams of sunlight hitting the sensor, while allowing diffuse sky radiation.
The power per unit area received from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
A device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.
Heat losses that occur due to the inefficiency of the solar thermal system.
The angle at which a solar panel is set to maximize the solar radiation it receives.
A mechanical system that tilts solar panels throughout the day to follow the path of the sun to maximize efficiency.
A tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports. In solar terms, it can refer to fees imposed on imported solar panels.
A type of photovoltaic cell that converts thermal energy into electrical energy.
A device that collects heat by absorbing sunlight.
High-voltage power lines that carry electricity over long distances from power plants to electrical substations.
The automatic disconnection of an electrical circuit when abnormal conditions are detected.
A measure of a material's ability to resist the flow of heat.
A measure of the distortion of an electrical signal in a solar inverter.
Electricity pricing that varies depending on the time of day, rewarding customers who use power during off-peak hours with lower rates.
A billing mechanism that charges higher rates as customer usage increases.
The amount of heating or cooling required to maintain desired temperatures in a building.
The fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample.
A type of solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic material on a substrate.
A method of passive heat exchange based on natural convection, which circulates a fluid without the necessity of a mechanical pump.
A type of solar cell with three layers of photovoltaic material to capture different segments of the solar spectrum.
A type of service provided by solar companies where they handle all aspects of the solar panel installation.
A dollar-for-dollar reduction in the income taxes that a person or company would otherwise pay to the federal or state government. In solar, it often refers to incentives for solar energy investments.
Part of the light spectrum that is invisible to the human eye and responsible for the degradation of solar panels over time.
An entity that evaluates and assumes another party's risk for a fee, such as in solar project financing.
Large-scale solar installations designed to provide power to the electricity grid, rather than for individual residential or commercial use.
The amount of time a solar power system is operational and producing energy.
The portion of sunlight that can be converted into electricity by solar panels, typically excluding early morning and late evening light.
The process of linking the solar power system with the local utility's grid to allow for power exchange.
A battery backup system that provides power in the event of a grid outage, commonly used in solar installations to enhance reliability.
Refers to the production processes involved in the solar industry, including the manufacturing of polysilicon, ingots, wafers, and cells.
Measure of heat loss in building components like windows and doors; the lower the U-value, the better the insulating ability.
A condition in which a solar power system generates less energy than what is being consumed, leading to drawing power from the grid.
A device that measures the amount of electricity that a home or business pulls from or feeds into the utility grid.
Deterioration of solar panels and other materials over time caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.
Financial credit received from the utility company for electricity generated by a solar system and fed back into the grid.
A type of solar inverter designed for individual solar panel application, enhancing energy harvest from each panel.
The component of solar monitoring systems that allows users to interact with and control their solar power systems.
Laws and guidelines established by governmental agencies that dictate how utilities must interact with customers and renewable energy sources.
The ability of a solar power system to accept additional solar panels or enhancements without requiring significant changes to existing components.
A condition in which a solar power system does not meet expected energy generation figures due to various factors such as shading or component failure.
The ability of a material, such as the outer coating of a solar panel, to withstand the effects of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
The analysis of energy consumption patterns of a household or business, which is essential for designing an optimized solar power system.
The electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. It's what pushes electric current between those points.
The unit of electric potential and electromotive force. One volt is the difference of potential required to move one ampere of current against one ohm of resistance.
An electricity pricing structure where rates may change based on market conditions or time of use.
A device used to measure the voltage difference between two points in an electrical circuit.
The reduction in voltage in an electrical circuit between the source and the load due to resistance in the conductors.
A device that maintains a constant voltage level automatically, commonly used to protect sensitive components in solar power systems.
A type of solar thermal collector with a series of vacuum tubes used to absorb and convert solar energy into heat efficiently.
An electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond.
The introduction of fresh air into a space to improve air quality and remove heat and moisture, often critical in maintaining optimal operation of solar equipment.
The process of confirming that installed solar systems are compliant with design specifications and operational requirements.
A business model where a company expands its operations into different stages of production within the same industry, such as a solar company manufacturing panels and also offering installation services.
A unit of measure for reactive power in an electrical system, which does not produce work but is necessary to maintain voltage levels.
The nominal electrical potential that a power system is designed to operate at, crucial for the design and functioning of solar power systems.
A component or circuit that provides a fixed or variable voltage output for an electrical system, such as the output from a solar panel.
Organic chemicals that have a high vapor pressure at room temperature, often a concern in manufacturing processes of solar panels.
A unit of measurement that represents the apparent power in an electrical circuit, equal to the product of voltage and current in phase.
A type of lead-acid battery characterized by a limited amount of electrolyte absorbed in a mat separator or formed into a gel, commonly used in solar power storage systems.
A billing arrangement that allows a solar energy system owner to credit energy produced at one site to benefit billings at another without the two being directly connected.
A system that integrates various small-scale power generation sources to behave as a single power plant, often involving solar installations.
Small aerodynamic devices used to enhance the performance of wind turbines, which can also be applied to reduce drag on solar trackers.
The standard unit of power in the International System of Units, representing one joule per second.
A unit of energy equivalent to one watt of power expended for one hour of time.
The shape and form of a signal wave characterized by its voltage and current.
Modifications made to a building to reduce energy consumption and optimize energy efficiency, including in solar installations.
An organized set of wires, cables, and connectors used in a photovoltaic solar system.
Electricity that is sold and purchased in large quantities, typically for resale to retail consumers.
The force exerted by wind on a solar panel or solar array, important for the structural engineering of installations.
The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.
A thin slice of semiconductor, such as crystalline silicon, used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and in photovoltaics for solar cells.
A guarantee given to the purchaser by the manufacturer or dealer, promising to repair or replace it if necessary within a specified period of time.
A solar energy system designed specifically to heat water using solar thermal energy.
The practice of organizing wires and cables to ensure safe and efficient connectivity within a solar PV system.
The voltage at which a system or component operates when under normal load.
Heat that is produced by a machine or other process that uses energy, as a byproduct of the operation, which is not put to a practical use.
An enclosure designed to protect electrical components from atmospheric conditions.
A type of battery that contains a liquid electrolyte and is used in various applications, including backup power for solar systems.
A diagram that shows the connections between the components of a system, such as a solar PV installation.
The peak power output of a photovoltaic solar device, measured under standard test conditions.
The ability of a surface to reflect the visible and non-visible spectrum of sunlight, used to enhance solar panel efficiency.
A facility with instruments and equipment for observing atmospheric conditions, used to provide information for forecasting weather and for studying the weather and climate.
The horizontal axis in a graph or chart, which in solar studies could represent time, for instance in tracking the sun's position over a day.
A noble gas used in certain types of lamps that might be used for simulating sunlight in testing solar panels.
Referring to an environment or condition that is both dry and hot, a climate condition relevant for the performance of solar panels.
A segment of the microwave radio spectrum in the 7.0 to 11.2 gigahertz frequency range, occasionally used in radar applications that might be part of solar farm security systems.
A concept from economics used to describe the efficiency with which firms produce outputs, which can be relevant in assessing the operational efficiency of solar manufacturing plants.
A rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification. While not directly related to solar, understanding geological formations can be important when constructing large-scale solar installations.
A dry copying process based on the principle of photoconductivity; the photovoltaic process in solar panels similarly relies on photoconductivity properties of materials to generate electricity.
Part of a plant vascular system, which transports nutrients and water. Although not directly solar related, understanding plant growth and health near solar farms can be important for environmental impact assessments.
The total amount of electricity produced by a solar panel or system over a given period, often measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
A ratio that measures the actual energy output of a solar system over a year compared to its theoretical maximum output.
A type of solar tracking system where the panels rotate about the vertical axis to follow the sun’s path.
A frame or bracket used to mount solar panels to a tracking system or installation structure.
The process of solar panels' protective coatings turning yellow due to prolonged exposure to the sun, which can affect their efficiency.
A company formed to own assets that produce a predictable cash flow, primarily through long-term contracts in the renewable energy sector.
The total amount of electric power a solar system has produced from the beginning of the calendar year to the current date.
A chemical element used in various high-tech applications, including certain types of photovoltaic cells.
The percentage decrease in the output of solar panels due to aging and exposure to environmental conditions each year.
The total amount of energy consumed by a facility or home in one year, used for comparing against solar energy production to calculate coverage or offset.
A building with zero net energy consumption, where the total amount of energy used is roughly equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site.
A semiconductor material used in the buffer layer of certain thin-film solar cells.
A type of mounting bracket used to secure solar panels to a supporting surface, ensuring stable installation.
Techniques used in the management of solar farms to optimize energy production within different zones of the installation.
The voltage of a solar cell or module when it is not connected to an electrical circuit or load.
A light, gentle breeze which can affect the surface temperature of solar panels and thus their efficiency.
Refers to operations or activities that do not release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, closely associated with renewable energy sources like solar power.
A type of battery storage system that can be used in conjunction with solar power systems to store excess energy.
A method in solar battery management where different zones or segments of a battery array are charged independently to enhance efficiency and lifespan.
A type of connector used in the wiring of solar panel arrays to streamline the installation and connectivity of solar modules.
A type of thermal energy storage system that uses zeolites, materials that store heat through adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
Refers to the absence of emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, a goal in the utilization of solar technologies.
A specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard for personal area networks used in some solar inverter communications.
The angle between the sun and the vertical direction. It is crucial for determining the optimal tilt of solar panels.
The process of shutting down parts of a solar power plant or grid in zones, either for maintenance or in response to grid demand changes.
Occasionally used as a component in the production of certain types of photovoltaic cells, though rare.
A scientific term used in the study of materials for solar panels that refers to the electrostatic potential at the boundary layer of the particles.
A type of battery that stores energy generated by solar panels, using zinc and oxygen from the air.
A technique in electrical engineering used to separate different sections of a solar power system to prevent fault propagation.
A configuration technique in solar module assembly that minimizes the space between interconnected solar cells, maximizing the active area and efficiency of the module.